Red Spruce (Picea rubens)

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  Credit: Robert H. Mohlenbrock @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA NRCS. 1995. Northeast wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species. Northeast National Technical Center, Chester, PA. | [1] | License: PD USDA
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  Credit: USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 1: 61. | [1] | License: PD USDA
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Picea Rubens, or more commonly know as Red Spruce, is a tree with green foliage and yellow flowers of the genus Picea. It has a moderate growth rate and a height of 110 feet at maturity. Its duration is perennial which means it will grow year after year. It's active growth period is spring and summer, blooms during mid spring and is tolerant of shade. Picea Rubens or Red Spruce's floral region is North America US Lower 48, specifically in the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and Vermont.

• Category: Gymnosperm
• Genus: Picea
• Family: Pinaceae
• Order: Pinales
• Class: Pinopsida
• Division: Coniferophyta
• Duration: Perennial
• Growth Habit: Tree
• Native Status: L48 (N) CAN (N) SPM (N)
• State T/E Status: CT (SC) NJ (E)
• State T/E Common Name: CT (red spruce) NJ (red spruce)
• National Wetland Indicator Status: FACU
• Regional Wetland Indicator Status: 1(FACU) 2(FACU)
• Active Growth Period: Spring and Summer
• Allelopath: No
• Bloat: None
• C:N Ratio: High
• Coppice Potential: No
• Fall Conspicuous: No
• Fire Resistance: No
• Flower Color: Yellow
• Flower Conspicuous: No
• Foliage Color: Green
• Foliage Porosity Summer: Dense
• Foliage Porosity Winter: Dense
• Foliage Texture: Medium
• Fruit/Seed Color: Brown
• Fruit/Seed Conspicuous: No
• Growth Form: Single Stem
• Growth Rate: Moderate
• Height at 20 Years Maximum (feet): 25
• Height Mature (feet): 110
• Leaf Retention: Yes
• Lifespan: Long
• Low Growing Grass: No
• Resprout Ability: No
• Shape and Orientation: Conical
• Toxicity: None
• Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes
• Adapted to Fine Textured Soils: Yes
• Adapted to Medium Textured Soils: Yes
• Anaerobic Tolerance: Low
• CaCO3 Tolerance: Low
• Cold Stratification Required: No
• Drought Tolerance: Medium
• Fertility Requirement: Medium
• Fire Tolerance: None
• Frost Free Days Minimum: 90
• Hedge Tolerance: None
• Moisture Use: Medium
• pH (Minimum): 4
• pH (Maximum): 5.8
• Planting Density per Acre Minimum: 300
• Planting Density per Acre Maximum: 700
• Precipitation (Minimum): 28
• Precipitation (Maximum): 52
• Root Depth Minimum (inches): 13
• Salinity Tolerance: None
• Shade Tolerance: Tolerant
• Temperature Minimum (°F): -47
• Bloom Period: Mid Spring
• Commercial Availability: Routinely Available
• Fruit/Seed Abundance: Medium
• Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer
• Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall
• Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes
• Propagated by Bare Root: Yes
• Propagated by Bulbs: No
• Propagated by Container: Yes
• Propagated by Corms: No
• Propagated by Cuttings: Yes
• Propagated by Seed: Yes
• Propagated by Sod: No
• Propagated by Sprigs: No
• Propagated by Tubers: No
• Seed per Pound: 140000
• Seed Spread Rate: Slow
• Seedling Vigor: Medium
• Small Grain: No
• Vegetative Spread Rate: None

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