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Small White Violet (Viola macloskeyi)

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Viola Macloskeyi, or more commonly know as Small White Violet, is a forb/herb (a forb/herb is a non-woody plant that is not a grass) with green foliage and white flowers of the genus Viola. It has a moderate growth rate and a height of 0.5 feet at maturity. Its duration is perennial which means it will grow year after year. It's active growth period is spring and summer, blooms during early spring, is tolerant of shade and is routinely available commercially. Viola Macloskeyi or Small White Violet's floral region is North America US Lower 48, specifically in the states of Alabama, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming.

  • Category: Dicot
  • Genus: Viola
  • Family: Violaceae
  • Order: Violales
  • Class: Magnoliopsida
  • Division: Magnoliophyta
  • Duration: Perennial
  • Growth Habit: Forb/herb
  • Native Status: L48 (N) CAN (N) SPM (N)
  • National Wetland Indicator Status: FACW+ OBL
  • Regional Wetland Indicator Status: 8(FACW+) 9(OBL) 0(OBL)
  • Active Growth Period: Spring and Summer
  • After Harvest Regrowth Rate: None
  • Allelopath: No
  • Bloat: None
  • C:N Ratio: Low
  • Coppice Potential: No
  • Fall Conspicuous: No
  • Fire Resistance: No
  • Flower Color: White
  • Flower Conspicuous: Yes
  • Foliage Color: Green
  • Foliage Porosity Summer: Porous
  • Foliage Porosity Winter: Porous
  • Foliage Texture: Medium
  • Fruit/Seed Color: Black
  • Fruit/Seed Conspicuous: No
  • Growth Form: Stoloniferous
  • Growth Rate: Moderate
  • Height Mature (feet): 0.5
  • Leaf Retention: No
  • Lifespan: Short
  • Low Growing Grass: No
  • Resprout Ability: No
  • Shape and Orientation: Prostrate
  • Toxicity: None
  • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: No
  • Adapted to Fine Textured Soils: Yes
  • Adapted to Medium Textured Soils: Yes
  • Anaerobic Tolerance: High
  • CaCO3 Tolerance: Low
  • Cold Stratification Required: Yes
  • Drought Tolerance: Low
  • Fertility Requirement: High
  • Fire Tolerance: Low
  • Frost Free Days Minimum: 90
  • Hedge Tolerance: None
  • Moisture Use: High
  • pH (Minimum): 6
  • pH (Maximum): 7.3
  • Planting Density per Acre Minimum: 4800
  • Planting Density per Acre Maximum: 11000
  • Precipitation (Minimum): 14
  • Precipitation (Maximum): 45
  • Root Depth Minimum (inches): 4
  • Salinity Tolerance: None
  • Shade Tolerance: Tolerant
  • Temperature Minimum (°F): -28
  • Bloom Period: Early Spring
  • Commercial Availability: No Known Source
  • Fruit/Seed Abundance: Low
  • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Spring
  • Fruit/Seed Period End: Summer
  • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No
  • Propagated by Bare Root: Yes
  • Propagated by Bulbs: No
  • Propagated by Container: No
  • Propagated by Corms: No
  • Propagated by Cuttings: Yes
  • Propagated by Seed: Yes
  • Propagated by Sod: No
  • Propagated by Sprigs: Yes
  • Propagated by Tubers: No
  • Seed Spread Rate: Slow
  • Seedling Vigor: Low
  • Small Grain: No
  • Vegetative Spread Rate: Slow


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