Credit: Carl Axel Magnus Lindman (1856-1928) | «Bilder ur Nordens Flora» Stockholm | License: PD Old

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Small Enchanter’s Nightshade (Circaea Alpina) Native Growing Regions: Alaska Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Montana Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Dakota Tennessee Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Wisconsin Wyoming

• Category: Dicot
• Genus: Circaea
• Family: Onagraceae
• Order: Myrtales
• Class: Magnoliopsida
• Division: Magnoliophyta
• Duration: Perennial
• Growth Habit: Forb/herb
• Native Status: L48 (N) AK (N) CAN (N) SPM (N)
• State T/E Status: IL (E) IN (X) KY (SC) RI (SC)
• State T/E Common Name: IL (small enchanter's nightshade) IN (small enchanter's nightshade) KY (small enchanter's-nightshade) RI (small enchanter's nightshade)
• National Wetland Indicator Status: FAC FACW
• Regional Wetland Indicator Status: 1(FACW) 2(FACW) 3(FACW) 4(FACW) 5(FACW) 7(FAC) 8(FACW) 9(FAC+) 0(FACW) A(FACW)
• Active Growth Period: Summer
• After Harvest Regrowth Rate: Slow
• Allelopath: No
• Bloat: None
• C:N Ratio: Medium
• Coppice Potential: No
• Fall Conspicuous: No
• Fire Resistance: No
• Flower Color: White
• Flower Conspicuous: Yes
• Foliage Color: Green
• Foliage Porosity Summer: Porous
• Foliage Porosity Winter: Porous
• Foliage Texture: Medium
• Fruit/Seed Color: Brown
• Fruit/Seed Conspicuous: No
• Growth Form: Rhizomatous
• Growth Rate: Moderate
• Height Mature (feet): 0.9
• Leaf Retention: No
• Lifespan: Moderate
• Low Growing Grass: No
• Resprout Ability: No
• Shape and Orientation: Erect
• Toxicity: None
• Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: No
• Adapted to Fine Textured Soils: No
• Adapted to Medium Textured Soils: Yes
• Anaerobic Tolerance: None
• CaCO3 Tolerance: Low
• Cold Stratification Required: No
• Drought Tolerance: Low
• Fertility Requirement: Medium
• Fire Tolerance: Low
• Frost Free Days Minimum: 80
• Hedge Tolerance: None
• Moisture Use: Medium
• pH (Minimum): 5
• pH (Maximum): 6.6
• Planting Density per Acre Minimum: 2700
• Planting Density per Acre Maximum: 4800
• Precipitation (Minimum): 16
• Precipitation (Maximum): 55
• Root Depth Minimum (inches): 10
• Salinity Tolerance: None
• Shade Tolerance: Tolerant
• Temperature Minimum (°F): -38
• Bloom Period: Late Spring
• Commercial Availability: No Known Source
• Fruit/Seed Abundance: Medium
• Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer
• Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall
• Fruit/Seed Persistence: Yes
• Propagated by Bare Root: Yes
• Propagated by Bulbs: No
• Propagated by Container: No
• Propagated by Corms: No
• Propagated by Cuttings: No
• Propagated by Seed: Yes
• Propagated by Sod: No
• Propagated by Sprigs: No
• Propagated by Tubers: Yes
• Seed per Pound: 900000
• Seed Spread Rate: Slow
• Seedling Vigor: Medium
• Small Grain: No
• Vegetative Spread Rate: Slow

Small Enchanter’s Nightshade (Circaea Alpina)

Circaea Alpina, or more commonly know as Small Enchanter’s Nightshade, is a forb/herb (a forb/herb is a non-woody plant that is not a grass) with green foliage and white flowers of the genus Circaea. It has a moderate growth rate and a height of 0.9 feet at maturity. Its duration is perennial which means it will grow year after year. It’s active growth period is summer, blooms during late spring, is tolerant of shade and is routinely available commercially. Circaea Alpina or Small Enchanter’s Nightshade‘s floral region is North America US Lower 48 and Alaska, specifically in the states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming.

Tags: Circaea, Dicot, Forb/herb, Green, Magnoliophyta, Magnoliopsida, Moderate, Myrtales, Onagraceae, Perennial, Rhizomatous

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